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NEW QUESTION 45
The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian empire in 490 B C is one of the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian empire, was furious because Athens had interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an enormous army to defeat Athens.
He thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire. Persia was ruled by one man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city- states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Etria and captured its people. Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops. The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in archery and hand combat.
Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror.
Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6400 Persians died, compared with only 192 Athenians.
The people of Delos did not want to ___ the conquest of Greece.
- A. end
- B. daydream about
- C. encourage
- D. think about
- E. answer not available
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 46
Female Australian Dunalothrips [small, sap-sucking insects] create tent-like structures on the surface of leaves to protect themselves and their eggs and larvae from desiccation in the arid Australian climate. Bono and Crespi compared survival and reproduction of thrips that founded structures alone with those in groups of two or more individuals. They found that although per capita egg production fell with increasing group size, foundresses were more likely to survive and lay eggs in groups than when alone. Several studies of other species of nest-building insects have concluded that foundress associations are beneficial to all panics. It is likely that the relative success of groups is at least in part accounted for by a reduction of energy use in the modification of a shared nest.
The author suggests which of the following about the "reduction of energy use"?
- A. Its negative consequences for insect eggs and larvae are outweighed by other, more advantageous effects.
- B. Its magnitude is most likely smaller than suggested by some early research studies on insect reproduction.
- C. It has been shown to occur primarily in species of insects that live in arid climates.
- D. It may help insects to regulate egg production in groups that reach a certain population density.
- E. It may be beneficial enough to insects to offset a decrease in per capita egg production.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 47
The probability that event R will occur is 0.65. The probability that event T will occur is 0.47.
- A. The relationship cannot he determined from the information given.
- B. Quantity A is greater.
- C. Quantity B is greater.
- D. The two quantities are equal.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 48
Larvae of many marine invertebrate species delay their metamorphosis into juveniles when cues signaling an appropriate juvenile environment are absent, thereby increasing their likelihood of thriving as juveniles and of ultimately reaching adulthood Nevertheless, delayed metamorphosis has potential costs for juveniles including reduced growth and increased mortality Nearly all evidence of such costs involves species whose larvae do not feed but rather subsist on stored nutrients, indicating that insufficient energy reserves may be an underlying cause of these costs. Supporting this hypothesis are laboratory studies showing that in a certain bryozoan. the prolonged larval swimming that results from delayed metamorphosis is associated with size reductions in the juvenile feeding organ (the lophophore) and that one factor influencing the size of juveniles of certain barnacle species is how long larvae delay metamorphosis However, other studies show that while significantly fewer juvenile Capitella worms survived to adulthood when metamorphosis had been delayed, prolonged larval swimming had no significant effect on juvenile size, suggesting, perhaps, that in some species, factors other than insufficient energy reserves account for the negative effects of the larval stresses that result from delayed metamorphosis.
The passage suggests that the, "bryozoan." the "barnacle species.'" and 'Capitella worms" all share which of the following characteristics?
- A. The juveniles of these species manifest the negative effects of delayed metamorphosis as a decrease m size.
- B. The larvae of these species do not have enough energy to meet then needs when metamorphosis is delayed.
- C. The larvae of these species do not feed but rather subsist on stored nutrients.
- D. The larvae of these species are unable to undergo metamorphosis if larval swimming is significantly prolonged.
- E. The juveniles of these species are not significantly larger than their respective larvae.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 49
RAIL:
- A. acquiesce
- B. compromise
- C. esteem
- D. tout
- E. conspire
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
To RAIL is to "complain or denounce vehemently" (as in "rail against injustice"), contrary to acquiesce (agree, comply, or consent, usually by silence or inaction).
NEW QUESTION 50 
- A. The relationship cannot lie determined from the information given.
- B. Quantity A is greater.
- C. The two quantities are equal.
- D. Quantity B is greater.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 51
LACKLUSTER:
- A. exceedingly bold
- B. exceptional
- C. brilliant
- D. quick to respond
- E. well spoken
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The word LACKLUSTER means "lacking luster". Its antonym lustrous means "brilliant, radiant, or bright"
NEW QUESTION 52
When Flemish painter Anthony Van Dyck moved to England in 1632 to become court painter to Charles The introduced an entirely new way of representing dress in portraiture. In women's portraits. he left off fashionable accessories, depicted subjects in unbuttoned sleeves and collars, and added lavish drapery and jewels. For the first time an artist actively participated in dressing his subjects, creating an amalgam of fantasy and reality. While Van Dyck was most innovative when representing women, he used similar elements in portraits of men.
Van Dyck's Portrait of Thomas Killigrew and Willian. Lord Crofts (1638) demonstrates how the artist relaxed and unbuttoned men's dress to accord with an underlying theme. The double portrait may be seen as an essay in grief: Killigrew. a poet and playwright, had lost his wife Cecelia to the plague shortly before the sitting, and Crofts was her nephew. The painting contains clear references to the situation at hand. The background features a broken column, a traditional emblem of earthly transience. A drawing in Killigrew's right hand depicts two Itinerary monuments. Crofts holds a blank sheet of paper, seen by some scholars as an analog to the drawing Killigrew holds: a symbol of what is gone.
At historians have interpreted the clothing depicted in this portrait, particularly Crofts' doublet which is worn unbuttoned in back, as an allusion to the subjects' grief-stricken distraction. It is true that Killigrew's dress includes references to his loss-he wears a cross inscribed with his wife's initials. There is an intimate nature to this painting, which seems underscored by the loose clothing worn by both subjects. However, diis reading of the costumes as signs of grief does not take account of seventeenth-century fashion conventions. Only Killigrew appears in noticeably disheveled attire; Crofts" dress would be quite appropriate for a formal portrait. Though black clothing, such as that won by Crofil, was common for mourning, it was also ordinary on other occasions. Furthermore, during the first stage of mounting no shiny surfaces, such as Crofts' satin doublet, would be permitted. The unbuttoned slit on Crofts" doublet was probably a matter of style: a French courtier in a 1635 fashion print by Bosse. who is gallivanting rather than grieving, wears a similarly undone doublet. Evidence suggests that by the late 1630s a certain calculated looseness was conventional in men's formal dress. Ribeiro. for example, cites the writings of moralists objecting to this style.
Killigrew's attire, though even looser than Crofts", should not necessarily be associated with grief. Other seventeenth-century subjects depicted in melancholic states do not dress this way. Although Killigrew's
"undress" lends this portrait a distinctive intimacy, it might also refer to Killigrew's literary career. Many of Van Dyck's other subjects who engaged in literary pursuits are depicted in loose clothing. The blank sheet held by Crofts may be a reminder not only of Killigrew's loss but also of his solace: he had but to express his grief in writing.
The author of the passage suggests that if the cited "art historians" had taken account of seventeenth-century fashion, they would have been more likely to
- A. recognize that the clothing worn by the subjects in the Portrait contributes to an atmosphere of intimacy in the painting
- B. conclude that the doublet worn bv Crofts in the Portrait is not made of satin
- C. recognize the extent to which Van Dyck"s approach to portraiture represented a departure from the practices of other artists
- D. recognize that Crofts* manner of dress in the Pom-ait was appropriate for a formal portrait
- E. be able to distinguish between the significance of the unbuttoned doublet depicted in the Portrait and that of the one depicted in a fashion print by Bosse
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 53
What accounts for the low-lying. Hat surface of Mars's north? On Earth's surface, higher- and lower-lying areas have different types of onest: one. thin and dense, is pulled toward Earth's center more strongly by gravity, and the planet's water naturally comes to sit over it. creating oceans. The processes that generate this oceanic crust drive plate tectonics.
Is Mars's north similarly characterized by a sort of crust different from other areas of the planet? Some researchers do see signs of tectonic activity surrounding the northern basin that suggest that it was created through the formation of new crust, like ocean basins on Earth. However. McGill points to northern bedrock structures that predate the features said to mark the start of the tectonic process. McGill instead believes that through some novel mechanism the ancient surface sank to its current depth as a single unit. This would explain why features around the basin's edge. which would have formed as the surface dropped, seem to be younger than structures at its floor.
The third possibility is that the northern lowlands result from impacts. Some researchers suggest they formed as a series of big overlapping impact craters. Others, arguing that the odds against such a pattern of impacts are large, postulate a single event-the impact of an object bigger than any asteroid the solar system now contains.
The passage implies that McGill points to certain "northern bedrock Structures? in order to
- A. establish the maximum and minimum bounds for the age of the northern basin of Mars
- B. question the role of impacts in the formation of Mars's surface features
- C. dispute the idea that the northern basin of Mars was formed by the creation of new crust
- D. contrast the geological characteristics of the northern basin with the characteristics of the terrain at its rim
- E. argue that their elevation now must be lower than it was at the time the structures formed
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 54 
The units digit of 7 is v. and the units digit of What is the value of the product xy
Answer:
Explanation:
xy= 54
NEW QUESTION 55 
- A. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- B. The quantity in Column B is greater;
- C. The quantity in Column A is greater;
- D. The quantities are equal;
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The quickest route to the correct answer is to compare corresponding terms. For example, compare (in
Column A) to (in Column B). Notice that . When you add the same number to a fraction's
numerator as its denominator, the fraction's value increases, and so . You can analyze the other corresponding fraction pair in the same way. The value of the each fraction in Column A is greater than the value of the corresponding term in Column B Thus, the sum of the fractions in Column A must be greater than the sum of the fractions in Column B.
NEW QUESTION 56
A circle is inscribed in a regular hexagon that is inscribed in a circle. What is the ratio of the area of the smaller circle to the area of the larger circle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
- A. Option C
- B. Option B
- C. Option D
- D. Option E
- E. Option A
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 57
What does the word patent mean to you? Does it strike you as being something rather remote from your interests? If it does, stop and think a moment about some of the commonplace things that you use every day, objects that you take for granted as part of the world around you. The telephone, radio, television, the automobile, and the thousand and one other things (even the humble safety pin) that enrich our lives today once existed only as ideas in the minds of men. If it had not been possible to patent their ideas and thus protect them against copying by others, these inventions might never have been fully developed to serve mankind. If there were no patent protection there would be little incentive to invent and innovate, for once the details of an invention became known, hordes of imitators who did not share the inventor's risks and expenses might well flood the market with their copies of his product and reap much of the benefit of his efforts.
The technological progress that has made America great would wither rapidly under conditions such as these. The fundamental principles in the U S patent structure came from England. During the glorious reign of Queen Elizabeth I in England, the expanding technology was furthered by the granting of exclusive manufacturing and selling privileges to citizens who had invented new processes or tools- a step that did much to encourage creativity. Later, when critics argued that giving monopoly rights to one person infringed on the rights of others, an important principle was added to the patent structure: The Lord Chief Justice of England stated that society had everything to gain and nothing to lose by granting exclusive privileges to an inventor, because a patent for an invention was granted for something new that society never had before. Another basic principle was brought into law because certain influential people in England had managed to obtain monopoly control over such age-old products as salt, and had begun charging as much as the traffic would bear. The public outcry became so great that the government was forced to decree that monopoly rights could be awarded only to those who created or introduced something really unique. These principles are the mainstays of our modern patent system in the United States. In colonial times patent law was left up to the separate states. The inconsistency, confusion, and unfairness that resulted clearly indicated the need for a uniform patent law, and the men who drew up the Constitution incorporated one. George Washington signed the first patent law on April 10,1790, and less than four months later the first patent was issued to a man named Samuel Hopkins for a chemical process, an improved method of making potash for use in soapmaking. In 1936 the Patent Office was established as a separate bureau. From the staff of eight that it maintained during its first year of operation it has grown into an organization of over 2500 people handling more than 1600 patent applications and granting over
1000 every week. The Patent Office in Washington D C, is the world's largest library of scientific and technical data, and this treasure trove of information is open for public inspection. In addition to more than
3 million U S patents, it houses more than 7 million foreign patents and thousands of volumes of technical literature. Abraham Lincoln patented a device to lift steam vessels over river shoals, Mark Twain developed a self-pasting scrapbook, and millionaire Cornelius Vanderbilt invented a shoe-shine kit. A patent may be granted for any new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter ( a chemical compound or combinations of chemical compounds), or any distinct and new variety; of plant, including certain mutants and hybrids. The patent system has also helped to boost the wages of the American worker to an unprecedented level; he can produce more and earn more with the computer, adding machines, drill press or lathe. Patented inventions also help keep prices down by increasing manufacturing efficiency and by stimulating the competition that is the foundation of our free enterprise system. The decades of history have disclosed little need for modification of the patent structure. Our patent laws, like the Constitution from which they grew, have stood the test of time well. They encouraged the creative processes, brought untold benefits to society as a whole, and enabled American technology to outstrip that of the rest of the civilized world.
What is the main idea of this passage?
- A. The Constitution protects the patent system.
- B. The patent system encourages free enterprise.
- C. Patents are important tools for inventors.
- D. The patent system in England has been influential in American patent development.
- E. Patented inventions protect the inventor, free enterprise, and the creative process.
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 58
Among registered voters in a certain district, the ratio of male to female voters is 3:5. If the district currently includes 2,400 registered voters, how many additional males must register to make the ratio 4:5, assuming the number of female voters remains unchanged?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Given a 3:5 male-female ratio and a total of 2,400 voters, the number of male voters must be of 2,400, or 900. Accordingly, female voters must account for the remaining 1,500. Determine the number of male voters needed altogether for a 4:5 male-female ratio (assuming the number of female voters remains unchanged at 1,500) by setting up a proportion and solving for that number:
Since the district currently includes 900 male voters, 300 more are needed to make the ratio 4:5.
NEW QUESTION 59
In contrast to today, when many readers consider the moral sentiments expressed in the ancient writer's work to be quite sophomoric. in the writer'! own tune these sentiments were regarded as remarkably________.
- A. melancholy
- B. brash
- C. arcane
- D. sanguine
- E. sagacious
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 60
In the figure, O lies at the center of the larger circle. What is the ratio of the smaller circle's area to the larger circle's area?
- A. 1:4
- B. 1:15
- C. 1:12
- D. 2:3
- E. 1:5
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The area of a circle = . Letting the radius of the smaller circle =r, the radius of the larger circle = 2r,
and its area = . The ratio of the smaller circle's area to the larger circle's area is
NEW QUESTION 61
AUSTERE:
- A. gratifying
- B. simpleminded
- C. amiable
- D. easily accomplished
- E. forgiving
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Something AUSTERE is "severe, harsh, or forbidding" - the opposite of forgiving.
NEW QUESTION 62
II cost a certain manufacturer a total of S7.8O0.OO to make and sell 6,500 units of a certain product. If the manufacturer sold each of the 6.500 units for S3.50. what was the manufacturer's profit per unit of the product? (Profit is equal to the selling price minus the cost.)
Answer:
Explanation:
2.30$
NEW QUESTION 63
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